2021年专八考试改错考前指导试题
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part 1
The term biological clock is applied to the means which living __1__things adjust their activity patterns, without any obvious cue, the __2__ time of day, or the month, or the year. They are affected but little,if at all, by drugs, chemicals, or wide temperature differences—factors may alter substantially the rates of all ordinary processes of __3__the body.
The nature of the biological clocks mechanism is still a mystery __4__two quite different theories have been advanced to account to __5__them. According to the first of these theories, each individual have envolved, aided by natural selection, an adaptation to the rhythmic __6__environment. It has now become independent on the environment __7__according to this view, the clocks are not perfect timers.
They require regular corrections by the natural light and tide cycles and the changed lengths of the day throughout the year. __8__The other theory holds up living things react continuously to __9__their rhythmic physical environment. The setting of their biological clocks, therefore, involves a constant adjustment to subtle clocks which are potential perfect times. __10__
答案:
1.^which—by
by the means of 指“通过……方式”，如果吧means作为先行词，后面定语从句就要有by，这句话意思是“生物钟指的是生物调节其行为的方式”。
2.^the time – to
adjust A to B 指A适应B，这句指“在没有任何提示的情况下，是自己的行为方式适应外界的时间”。
3.factors^--which/ that
这是一个定语从句，修饰factors，which/that做主语不能省略。
4.clocks—clock’s
5.to第二个--for
account for意思是explain，为固定词组。
6.^an—as
这句话意思是“这些是由于对规律环境的适应进化而来的'”。
7.on—of
be independent of 意思是“独立于……，不依赖……”
8.changed—changing
文章要表达的是“变化着的长度”，应该用现在分词。
9. up去掉或者将up改为that
hold本身就有“持……观点”的意思。
10. potential—potentially
part 2
One question is often risen in response to international __1__test comparisons: Do these results really mean anything? In the past, international testing programs have been criticized on variety of grounds. Two allegations, in particular, have __2__been common: first, that other nations have not tested as large a percentage of their student population, and nevertheless their __3__
scores have been inflated; and second, that our best students are among the world’s best, with our average brought down by a __4__large cohort of low-achievers.
Whatever the historic validity of such concerns, they are now, __5__if anything, reversed. Particularly in the fourth and eighth grade,education has become universal in all of the leading nations.Therefore, in science, the percentage of randomly selected __6__U.S. schools and students that actually did participate at the eighth-grade level was just 73 percent—the third-lowest of all
45 participating countries, and 11 percentage points under the __7__United States had third-lowest overall participation rate for both __8__grades in both subjects. Japan, Taiwan and Singapore all had participation percentages in the 90s.
How about our best and brightest? At the fourth-grade level,there is some real truth to the idea that the best American students __9__are among the best in the world. Looking only at the top 5 percent of test-takers, American fourth-graders beat the average of wealthy nations by 13 percentage points. By the eighth grade, however, the tables have turned, with America’s brightest students fallen to __10__percentage points behind their foreign peers.
答案:
1. risen—raised
提出问题应该用及物动词raise
2. ^variety—a
A variety of 为固定搭配
3.nevertheless—hence/thus/consequently
根据上下文，这里应该用表示结果关系的连接词，而不是转折关系的连接词
4.^brought—being
这里应该用表示被动的现在分词短语做独立主格结构
5.historic—historical
Historic是“历史上著名的;与过去时代有关的”这里应该用historical是“历史上的”
6.Therefore—Moreover/Furthermore
这里应该用表示递进关系的连接词，而不是结果关系的连接词。
7.under—below
低于平均值多少百分点用介词below
8.^third—the
序数词前应该用定冠词the
9.real--/
real 多余，应删除
10.fallen—falling
应该用现在分词作独立逐个结构